Herpes is a very common and highly infectious disease. Two closely related viruses cause this infection: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2).
HSV-1 infections, also known as oral herpes, occur more frequently than HSV-2 infections. This virus usually causes fever blisters or cold sores, especially around the mouth and lips.
Herpes spreads through unprotected oral, vaginal, or anal contact with an infected person. This contact may occur during sexual or non‑sexual activity. For example, HSV‑1 often spreads through kissing, which explains why this virus is very common worldwide. In addition, the risk of infection increases when a person has visible blisters or sores. However, transmission can still happen even when symptoms are not clearly visible.
Doctors usually perform several tests to confirm herpes infection:
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Many people who carry the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) do not notice any visible symptoms. However, some people may experience several warning signs when an outbreak occurs.
Common symptoms include:
If you experience herpes symptoms, condoms may not fully protect your sexual partner. The virus can spread from infected skin areas that condoms do not cover. Therefore, doctors strongly recommend avoiding sexual activity during active outbreaks.
The herpes virus stays in the nerves surrounding the infected area. Because of this, doctors cannot completely remove the virus from the body. However, modern treatments can effectively reduce both the severity and the frequency of outbreaks. In addition, proper medical care helps patients manage symptoms more comfortably.
Oral and genital herpes infections often produce mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. As a result, many people do not realise they carry the virus. In some cases, people may mistake the symptoms for bacterial or fungal infections. Occasionally, the virus remains active without visible sores, yet it can still spread through a process called asymptomatic viral shedding.
Testing works best when lesions remain active and visible. At that stage, doctors can easily detect the virus from the sample. However, once the lesions dry or form scabs, detecting the virus becomes more difficult because the sample may no longer contain enough viral material.
HSV-2 infections, or genital Herpes, result in the formation of sores, usually around the genitals or rectum. Although HSV-2 infection may be caught around the mouth through oral sex, it is more commonly found below the waist.
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